The Secret Service: In Their Own Words By Vincent M.Palamara
Write to Vince at:  vmplac@telerama.com
 
During the latter part of 1997, I decided to
spend some time writing to many of the former Secret
Service agents I had previously interviewed, in
addition to many new contacts. The results of this
effort, coupled with previous correspondence from years
past, make for an intriguing and unique look at the
feelings and attitudes of these important people,
especially in comparison to "official" history. I would
like to share the fruits of my labor with the research
community in the hope of demonstrating both the
importance of working with primary sources/ people and
to further bolster the main thesis of my study of the
Secret Service in regard to the fateful events of
November 22, 1963.

Floyd Boring, the number two man on the White House
Detail (WHD), confirmed what he had previously told me
on 9/22/93 and 3/4/94 when he wrote that "President
Kennedy was a very congenial man knowing most agents by
their first name. He was very cooperative with the
Secret Service, and well liked and admired by all of
us."
1 June Kellerman, the widow of the late Roy
Kellerman, number three man on the WHD who rode in the
presidential limousine on 11/22/63 in place of  SAIC
Jerry Behn (and/or Boring), wrote "Roy did not say that
JFK was difficult to protect."
2 Jerry Kivett, an LBJ
Detail agent who rode in Johnson's Secret Service
follow-up car on 11/22/63, stated for the record that
"[JFK] was beloved by those agents on the detail and I
never heard anyone say that he was difficult to
protect."
3 Those who responded to more specific
inquiries were equally strong in denouncing the
"official" fiction that a) President Kennedy was
difficult to protect and b) was responsible for the
security deficiencies in Dallas. Arthur L. Godfrey, a
top man on Kennedy's WHD and one of the three Shift
Leaders (designated ATSAIC) on the Texas trip
4, stated the following: "All I can speak for is myself. 
When I was working [with] President Kennedy he never 
ask[ed] me to have my shift leave the limo when we 
[were] working it," thus confirming what he had also 
told me telephonically on two prior occasions.
5 Abraham Bolden, the first African-American agent of 
the WHD who was briefly on the WHD and who served 
mostly in the Chicago office,
6 confirmed our telephonic interview when he
wrote that "[n]o one could have killed our President
without the shots of omission fired by the Secret
Service. Observe the feet of [four] Secret Service
agents glued to the running boards of the follow-up car
as bullets [sic?] pierce the brain of our
President!!!"
7 Bolden also strongly endorsed the
greater part of my work, as reflected in later
correspondence.
8 Dave Powers, close JFK aide who rode
in the Secret Service follow-up car on 11/22/63, wrote
the following: " Unless they [the Secret Service] were
'running' along beside the limo, the Secret Service
rode in a car behind the President, so, no, they never
had to be told to 'get off' the limo."
9 Cecil Stoughton, the WH photographer who rode close 
to Kennedy's car from July 1963 until November 22, 1963,
authorized by a specific request from MRS. Kennedy,
10 stated that "I did see a lot of the activity
surrounding the various trips of the President, and in
many cases I did see the agents in question riding on
the rear of the President's car. In fact, I have ridden
there a number of times  myself during trips...I would
jump on the step on the rear of the [Lincoln]
Continental until the next stop. I have made photos
while hanging on with one hand...in Tampa [11/18/63],
for example. As for the [alleged] edict of not riding
there by order of the President- I can't give you any
proof of first hand knowledge."
11 Stoughton went on to write: "I am bothered by your 
interest in these matters"(!). In a later letter, 
Stoughton merely corroborated his prior written 
statements: "I would just jump on and off [the limo] 
quickly- no routine, and Jackie had no further remarks 
to me."
12 In addition, key people I contacted had, in some 
fashion, either directly or indirectly corroborated 
past statements made by themselves or by others close-
ly associated with themselves. For example, Jean 
Brownell Behn, widow of SAIC Jerry Behn,
13 previously told me on 11/18/95 that her husband did 
not like William Manchester's book The Death of a Pres-
ident and confirmed that she also did not believe that 
JFK had ever conveyed to Jerry the idea of having the 
agents not ride on the rear of the limousine. In a fol-
low-up letter she stated that "The only thing I can tell 
you is that Jerry always said 'Don't believe anything you 
hear and only half of what you read'."
14 Presumably,that goes for Manchester AND Behn's report 
dated 4/16/64 that endorses "official" history.
15 Donald
Lawton, a WHD agent stationed at Love Field who had
ridden on the rear of JFK's limo in Chicago (3/23/63)
and in Florida (11/18/63), had previously endorsed Sam
Kinney's view
16 during an earlier telephonic interview
that JFK never ordered the agents around, including
having them dismount the rear of the limo.
17
Apparently, Lawton feels uncomfortable speaking for
himself, for when I attempted to get him to corroborate
what he had previously told me (this time, in writing),
he again fell back on a similar device while throwing
in quite a surprise: "Since I am currently employed by
the Secret Service I do not believe it appropriate that
I comment on former or current protectees of the
Service. If you spoke with Bob Lilley
18 as you stated
then you can take whatever information he passed on to
you as gospel. I must say, in all candor, of all the
people I have met and worked alongside in law
enforcement, Bob Lilley stands head and shoulders above
all of them. I sincerely mean that." (emphasis added)
19 Since Lilley unequivocally denied that JFK ever
interferred with the Secret Service, including the
fraudulent notion of ordering the men off his car,
Lawton, as he did with Kinney, used another to "speak"
for him here:clever!
20 (Note: I also attempted to get
Kinney to go on the record in writing, but I was too
late: his widow Hazel informed me that Sam passed away
7/21/97 while they were travelling through Iowa).
21 Maurice Martineau, Acting SAIC of the Chicago office,
who, while previously corroborating statements made by
many of his colleagues, agreed that JFK did not order
the agents off the rear of the car or in other security
matters,
22 stated "I have heard rumors as to his Dallas
trip in which he declined to use his armored car and/
or agents on the car's rear platform." (emphasis
added)
23 Predictably, several others were also
non-committal (to  put it mildly). Michael Torina,
Chief Inspector of the Secret Service on 11/22/63,
wrote that " I am not in a position to comment on our
concerns in dealing with Presidential security
matters." (He did recommend Youngblood's book)
24 Jack
Puterbaugh, a Democratic National Committee advance man
who rode in the pilot car in Dallas, stated that he had
"no personal information or observation in response to
this question."
25 Jerry Bechtle, a V.P. agent stationed
at the LBJ Ranch on 11/22/63, also would not comment,
claiming he had no first-hand knowledge about the
procedures used to protect JFK.
26 Bechtle did say that
"our loyalty is to the office first," while taking the
liberty of forwarding my letter to Assistant Director
Of Public Affairs H. Terrence Samway. Not surprisingly,
Samway wrote back: "In regard to your question
concerning the protection of President Kennedy, the
Secret Service does not consider it appropriate to
comment on issues of this nature. Thank you for your
interest."
27 Meanwhile, former agents Bill Livingood
28,
John Joe Howlett
29, and (WHD Secretary) Eve Dempsher
30
pretty much just provided "name, rank, and serial
number" information. 
31 It should be noted that
follow-up letters to P. Hamilton Brown
32, Chuck
Zboril
33, Robert Bouck
34, Bob Lilley35, John Norris
36,
Forrest Sorrels
37, Marty Underwood
38, Jerrol Custer
39,
and Aubrey Rike
40 went unanswered.
41

Before detailing the remaining items of interest from
my correspondence with these important people, I think
it is crucial to note the timing of my correspondence
and my replies (or lack therof, in certain instances
noted above) in regard to other interesting
developments "independent" of my inquiries. First, the
timing of the majority of my correspondence
(November-December 1997) paralleled the release,
publicity, and impressive sales of Seymour Hersh's
controversial book The Dark Side of Camelot , including
the December 4, 1997, ABC special entitled "Dangerous
World- The Kennedy Years" based on  Hersh's book. Both
the book and the television special included interviews
with former Secret Service agents Joseph Paolella, Tony
Sherman, Larry Newman, and Tim McIntyre (the latter
rode in the follow-up car in Dallas on 11/22/63). All
four former WHD agents expressed concern and dismay
over Kennedy's  dalliances with women.
42 Tony Sherman:
"I wanted out...I didn't want a part of it...I got
mad...I got angry at any president who doesn't treat
the White House like I think he should..."
43; Larry
Newman: " It [JFK's behavior] caused a lot of morale
problems with the Secret Service...you felt impotent
and you couldn't do your job. It was frustrating..."
44;
Joseph Paolella: " [He] acknowledged that the Secret
Service's socializing intensified each year of the
Kennedy administration, to a point where, by late 1963,
a few members of the presidential detail were regularly
remaining in bars until the early morning hours."
45What
about Tim McIntyre? His account is devastating and must
be read at length: "His shift supervisor, the highly
respected Emory Roberts, took him aside and
warned...that 'you're going to see a lot of shit around
here. Stuff with the president. Just forget about it.
Keep it to yourself. Don't even talk to your
wife'...Roberts was nervous about it. Emory would say,
McIntyre recalled with a laugh, 'How in the hell do you
know what's going on? He could be hurt in there. What
if one bites him' in a sensitive area? Roberts 'talked
about it a lot', McIntyre said. 'Bites'... In
McIntyre's view, a public scandal about Kennedy's
incessant womanizing was inevitable. 'It would have had
to come out in the next year or so. In the campaign,
maybe'. McIntyre said he and some of his
colleagues...felt abused by their service on behalf of
President Kennedy...McIntyre said he eventually
realized that he had compromised his law enforcement
beliefs to the point where he wondered whether it was
'time to get out of there. I was disappointed by what I
saw'."(emphasis added)
46 McIntyre felt this way after
having only spent a VERY brief time with JFK before the
assassination (he joined the WHD in the Fall of
1963).
47 In addition, these feelings of anger and
impotence-- especially by Roberts (and McIntyre)-- loom
large in the context of the actions and inactions of
the Secret Service on 11/22/63. Soon after the airing
of the aforementioned television program, current
Secret Service Director Lewis C. Merletti wrote a
letter to 3,200 current and 500 FORMER agents reminding
them not to talk about "any aspect of the personal
lives of our protectees." He further reminded the
agents to recall their commission book oath, "to be
worthy of trust and confidence." Merletti said  this
"confidence ... should continue forever."
48 Keeping in
mind Assistant Director Samway's letter to me mentioned
above, what else could all this mean? Well, as we know,
our current president, William Jefferson Clinton, is
embroiled in a sex scandal and, to make matters
interesting, several Secret Service agents may be
subpoened to testify about what they saw, an
unprecedented decision; a local man, former uniformed
guard Lewis Fox, has already been ordered to testify,
on a limited basis, in regard to what he alleged he
saw.
49 History does indeed repeat itself; in the space
of less than two months, a set of  seemingly
"unrelated" events involving the Secret Service, past
and present, has unfolded in a major way. Some more
interesting items developed from my correspondence:
Gaspard d'Andelot Belin, the General Counsel (and the
Acting Secretary)of the Treasury Department on 11/22/63
and throughout the JFK/ LBJ years, confirmed to me two
things I suspected but had no proof of; namely, Belin's
potential importance to both the hierarchy of the
Secret Service in general and the subsequent
investigation of the assassination, in particular. 
50 I
wrote Belin initially, asking him if he was ever the
Acting Secretary of the Treasury in 1963, as well as in
1964: " Frequently, but only briefly when Secretary
Dillon and one or both Under Secretaries were out of
town." [emphasis added] As we know, Dillon was out of
the country on a crowded cabinet plane bound for Japan
on 11/22/63 while Belin was back in Washington. While
he denied that he was any relation to DAVID Belin (of
Warren Commission/ Rockefeller Commission fame),
Gaspard Belin wrote that "The General Counsel ranked
next in the Treasury hierarchy. So I was often Acting
[Secretary] but never in any important matter."
[emphasis added] 
51 Gaspard Belin is indeed a
fascinating character-- he was married to Harriet
Lowell Bundy, a member of the William and McGeorge
Bundy family.
52 Even more important and potentially
significant connections relate to another high-up
Secret Service official: Deputy Chief  Paul J. Paterni,
Chief Rowley's direct assistant who, like another
deputy, ASAIC (number 2 man) of the WHD Floyd Boring,
was a major "behind-the-scenes" player in regard to the
aftermath of the assassination. Paterni was a member of
the OSS during WWII and served (in Milan, Italy)with
fellow OSS men James Jesus Angleton and Ray Rocca,
later liaison to the WC.
53 What makes this connection
even more alarming is the following: Chief Inspector
Michael Torina wrote to me, stating the following:
"Specifically, Paul Paterni (my very good friend)
served from late 1930's through mid-1960's"(emphasis
added)
54-- meaning, Paterni was a member of the OSS at
the same time as he was a member of the Secret Service.
Paterni's plate was full in the immediate aftermath of
the assassination:

1)  He assigned Inspector Thomas Kelley to go to Dallas
to speak to Lee Oswald-- Kelley would not only end up
talking to Oswald moments before Ruby silenced him
forever, but Kelley would also end up, like Rocca,
liaison to the WC, only this time for the Secret
Service, of course (Kelley would also later testify
before the HSCA-- this time he was an Assistant
Director)55;

2)  He was involved (with Boring) in the critical
limousine inspection at the White House garage the
night of the assassination when skull fragments, bullet
fragments, and vehicle damage were "noted" hours before
the FBI would get their hands on the car  (as we know,
some skull fragments disappeared, many questions remain
regarding the bullet fragments, and the limousine,
which was reported to have had a hole in the
windshield, was sent away to be rebuilt).56 Apparently,
Paterni (and Boring) beat Chief Rowley and Kellerman to
the punch in regard to overseeing this inspection57;

3)  Paterni was involved in the investigation of Lee
Harvey Oswald's income tax check on 11/22/6358;

4)  Paterni also was involved in matters involving PRS
and the investigation of threats against JFK (as we
know, nothing was found despite three known checks for
Dallas, an impossibility)59;

5)  Paterni checked on the CIA connections of
assassination suspects Thomas Mosely and Homer
Echevarria for the Chicago field office (Paterni had
been SAIC of this office in the 1950's).60 The matter
was then summarily dropped by Paterni's headquarters,
telling the field office agents ( Noonan and Tucker,
former WHD agents) to send all memos, files, and
notebooks to Washington and not to discuss the case
with anyone.61


If that wasn't enough, Torina's partner in the office
of Inspections, N. Jackson Krill, is also a former
member of the OSS.62 Krill was apparently Torina's
replacement as Chief Inspector- he also debriefed the
agents after the assassination, including Robert
Jamison, a Miami agent assigned to the Oswalds after
the assassination. 63 Krill had been in the Kansas
City, MO office and was close to President Truman's
brother.64 The position of Chief Inspector was  very
influential -- Torina had even completed the Secret
Service's Manual.65 Evidently these military/
intelligence backgrounds weren't all that uncommon--
not only was WHD advance agent Win Lawson a former CIC
agent66, but  Lt. Col. George J. McNally, Chief of  the
Signal Corps on the Texas trip, was a former member of
the Secret  Service   from  1935-1942.67 In addition,
Lt. Col. George Whitmeyer, who taught Army
Intelligence, rode in the pilot car on 11/22/63,
although he wasn't scheduled to be in the motorcade in
the first place ( Lawson denied that their similar
backgrounds were a factor)68 and Theodore Shackley of
the CIA worked closely with the Secret Service on
11/18/63 in Miami, Florida, a mere four days before
Dallas.69 (Gerry Patrick Hemming had told me that he
was an actual guard for JFK in Miami and that Frank
Sturgis was there as well, while DNC advanceman Marty
Underwood told me, based on his direct contacts with
the CIA's Win Scott, that "the CIA, the FBI, and the
Mafia knew [JFK] was going to be hit" on 11/22/63).70
Many of the written documents generated by the Secret
Service and only recently released also corroborate my
interviews/ correspondence with the former agents.
JFK's trip to Chicago on 3/23/63 had Agent Lawton
riding on the rear of the limousine, 6 motorcycles
flanking and shielding the vehicle, a Mayor's follow-up
car with four detectives, a close follow-up car, a
tremendous police presence facing the crowd and not the
president (inc. four patrolman on overpasses, not just
two), both Press Secretaries (Salinger and Hatcher, the
top two men) on the trip, an active and involved PRS
(one threat was found), and, perhaps most importantly,
press people and photographers close to JFK's car
(ASAIC Boring was the leader on this trip).71 The
Philadelphia trip of 10/30/63 was similar in security
effectiveness, this time with SAIC Behn on the trip
(two PRS threats were found). 72 Likewise, the 11/14/63
trip to Elkton, MD, was in keeping with the last two
trips mentioned  above (one PRS threat); Boring was on
this trip, and Salinger, the number one man, was on his
own.73 The second New York City trip was a model of
good security, contrary to any misconceptions: close
press, Salinger and Boring on the trip, a car with
detectives, Dr. Burkley close behind JFK, and a strong
PRS presence (although no threats were reported).74 Art
Godfrey, who did the advance on both New York trips,
told me in his letter: "I have no idea why Pres.
Kennedy went to New York City twice in Nov. 1963...I
did the advance for both [of] these trips. I do not
remember the 8th and 9th trip but the 14th and 15th
trip[the second, well-known trip] was to ad[d]ress a
convention at the Americana Hotel after which we went
to Palm Beach for the weekend."  75 (emphasis added)
Where are the survey reports for this first mysterious
trip? The President's trips to Palm Beach, Cape
Canaveral, Tampa, and Miami, Florida, 11/16-11/18/63,
were all  examples of good planning and security:
Salinger (with Kilduff, #3 man on the totem pole), a
strong PRS presence, Boring in charge (again), flat bed
truck for the photographers, close press to JFK's car,
agents on/ near the rear of the limo, roofs of major
buildings secured (Tampa), military units involved, PRS
threats reported (Miami), and a good police presence.76
Finally, JFK's trip to San Antonio, Texas, to start the
ill-fated Texas tour (11/21/63) incorporated a police
helicopter utilized along the motorcade route, military
police from Ft. Sam Houston, Stoughton close to JFK,
and agents from the San Antonio field office.77


Some final anomolies from the written record: while Tim
McIntyre and Glenn Bennett denied to the HSCA that they
were on the Florida trip, the recently-released shift
reports state otherwise. In addition, these very same
shift reports state that agent Henry Rybka rode in the
follow-up car in Dallas, making this the THIRD
erroneous document to so state.78 Still, in regard to
Rybka's "mistaken" placement in follow-up cars, while
the NY shift reports for 11/8-9 place him there, other
reports place him back in D.C. at the very same time.79
Strange. Finally, from Ralph Martin's Seeds of
Destruction: Joe Kennedy and His  Sons (1995): In
regard to the preparations for the 11/22/63 Dallas
trip, General Godfrey McHugh is quoted as saying:
"They'd asked me, for the first time, to please not
ride in the President's car, because they want to give
him full exposure. These are the exact words they used.
Ken O'Donnell and the Secret Service said, 'the
politicians here feel it's most important for the
President to be given full exposure, to be seen coming
and going...[McHugh said he normally rode in the car in
which JFK was a passenger] "in the front, next to the
driver, and [I] would take notes." 80 (emphasis added)
I recall what what Marty Underwood said to me:
"Everyone who had anything to do with Dallas in any
way-- Ken O'Donnell, the Secret Service-- they're
practically all dead now."81 Certainly, we know that,
in addition to Underwood,  Roy Kellerman, Maurice
Martineau, Abraham Bolden, John Norris, and Sam Kinney
believed  a conspiracy was afoot on or around
11/22/63.82 We also have the written record to examine,
with its treasure trove of clues and anomolies. It is
shameful that it has taken so many years to get the
crucialm records in the first place. 1  Undated letter
to author received 11/22/97.


2 Letter to author dated 12/2/97 confirming what she
had conveyed to me on  3/2/92 and 9/27/92,
respectively.


3 Letter to author dated 12/8/97.


4 The other two were Emory P. Roberts, commander of the
agents in the JFK SS follow-up car, and Stewart G.
Stout, Jr., stationed at the Trade Mart on  11/22/63.
Strangely enough, both men died within six years after
the assassination, the first two agents to become
deceased, "officially" speaking [ see the author's
article in the Oct. 1997 JFK/Deep Politics Quarterly
journal].

5 Letter to author dated 11/24/97 and phone interviews
conducted on 5/30/96 and 6/7/96.

6 However, Bolden did participate in presidential
security when JFK visited Chicago- for an example, see
RIF 154-10003-10012 re: JFK's trip on 3/23/63 involving
a motorcade from O'Hare Airport to the Conrad Hilton
Hotel.

7 Letter to author dated 9/10/93; see also The Third
Alternative- Survivor's Guilt: The Secret Service And
The JFK Murder, JFK Lancer edition, p. 55.

8 Letters to author dated 12/13/93 and 12/31/93,
respectively; see also The Third Alternative, pp. 46-47
(although Bolden disagreed with the notion of a benign
security-stripping test, believing that the Secret
Service's conduct spelled gross negligence or worse).

9 Letter to author dated 9/10/93.

10 The Memories, 1961-1963, by Cecil Stoughton w/ Ted
Clifton and Hugh Sidey (1973), p. 160; see also
Stoughton's motorcade films of the trip to Italy (July
1963), as well as his still photos taken from the
follow-up car in Tampa, FL (11/18/63) and in Houston,
TX (11/21/63) via the JFK Library [unpublished; in
author's collection].

11 Letter to author dated 11/30/95.

12 Letter to author dated 11/20/97; see footnote #10,
above.

13 Interviewed 3 times on 9/27/92 (Jerry passed away
4/21/93); Jerry told me that JFK never told the agents
to not ride on the rear of the limousine: see The Third
Alternative, p. 8, and the author's article in the
Fall, 1997, Kennedy Assassination Chronicles.

14 Letter to author dated 11/28/97 (Note: I was unable
to get much out of Behn's daughter Sandra Kane during a
telephone conversation on 8/8/95).

15 Covered extensively by the author: see The Third
Alternative, pp. 8-11, 62-64, 66, 75, 87-88, and  91,
as well as the author's conference presentation
videotapes at COPA (10/95 and 10/96) and at JFK Lancer
11/22/97).

16 Author's interviews with Sam Kinney conducted on
10/19/92, 3/5/94, and 4/15/94.

17 Author's interview with Don Lawton conducted on
11/15/95.

18 Lawton is referring to my interviews of  Bob Lilley
conducted on 9/27/92, 9/21/93, and 6/7/96 that I had
mentioned  both in my interview with Lawton referred to
above AND in my letter to him.

19 Letter to author dated 11/22/97.

20 see The Third Alternative, p. 10; see also footnotes
15 and 18 above.

21 Letter to author dated 11/20/97; see also the posted
addendum to my Oct. 1997 JFK/ Deep Politics Quarterly
article referred to above on the internet.

22 Author's interviews with Maurice Martineau on
9/21/93 and 6/7/96, respectively; see also The Third
Alternative, pp. 8-11 and 63-64. The other colleagues
were Rufus Youngblood (10/22/92 and 2/8/94; Youngblood
died 10/2/96), Robert Bouck (9/27/92), John Norris
(3/4/94), Marty Underwood (10/9/92), and the
aforementioned Behn, Boring, Lawton, Kinney, Lilley,
Powers, Stoughton, Godfrey, and Bolden.

23 Letter to author dated 11/23/97. Martineau would not
clarify where- or by whom- these "rumors" originated,
but it's a safe bet that it was from the Secret Service
itself (see 18H803-809 and The Third Alternative, pp.
8-11)! One is reminded of those particular Parkland
Hospital doctors who would later change their previous
statements to more closely resemble "official" history
when it was for "the record."

24 Letter to author dated 12/5/97.

25 Letter to author dated 1/3/98.

26 Letter to author dated 12/17/97.

27 Letter to author dated 1/16/98; this was the
promised "answer" Bechtle told me I would get; see
footnote #26.

28 Letter to author dated 11/19/97; previously
interviewed in November of 1992.

29 Letter to author dated 11/26/97; Howlett was a
Dallas office agent stationed at the Trade Mart on
11/22/63.

30 Letter to author dated 11/19/97.

31 In addition, I was informed that Andy Hutch, rookie
WHD chauffeur on 11/22/63, passed away in 1991 (letter
to author from Jacques Tangy, friend/ executor of last
will, dated 7/27/96). Also, I received a bizarre letter
from someone I thought was THE John  E. Campion, former
ASAIC and later the Aide to the Asst. Chief for
Security under JFK and LBJ, dated 11/20/97: "I'm sorry
but I am not the John Campion referenced in Rufus
Youngblood's book. Both John and I lived in Arlington,
Virginia, in the early 1960s. We became acquainted
through the similarity of our names (exactly the same)
and I had lunch with him at the White House in late
1962 or early 1963. He died some years later, probably
in the 1970s" (emphasis added).

32 WHD agent assigned to Joe Kennedy, Sr. On 11/22/63;
previously contacted on 9/30/92.

33 WHD agent who rode on the rear of JFK's limo (w/
Lawton) on 11/18/63; previously interviewed on
11/15/95.

34 SAIC of PRS; previously interviewed on 9/27/92.

35 WHD agent under JFK, 1961 to Oct. 1963; see footnote
#18.

36 Uniformed Division; previously interviewed 3/4/94.

37 SAIC of Dallas office; previously interviewed/
contacted 1/28/92 and 9/27/92 (letter sent  approx. 1
year before Sorrels passed away on 11/6/93).

38 DNC advanceman responsible for  Houston and Austin
advances; interviewed 10/9/92.

39 Bethesda X-ray technician; videotaped 11/22/91 for
High Treason 2.

40 O'Neal funeral home ambulance attendant; videotaped
interview 11/22/97 at JFK Lancer conference.

41 For the record, Richard Johnsen (WHD), Winston
Lawson (WHD advance man who rode in the lead car in
Dallas), Mark Crouch (friend/ confidante of the late
James K. "Jack" Fox, PRS photographer), Stu Knight
(SAIC of V.P./ LBJ detail on 11/22/63),  James Rowley
(Chief; deceased 11/92), Robert Steuart (Dallas office
agent stationed at the Trade Mart on 11/22/63), Jerry
Parr (rookie Nashville office agent assigned to
Marguerite Oswald after 11/24/63), Gerry Patrick
Hemming, Beverly Oliver, Shari Angel, Palmer McBride,
and Madeleine Brown are other past interview subjects
that I did not attempt to write to.

42 Best conveyed on the ABC television special; see
also Hersh, pp. 229-230 and 240-243.

43 Ibid., pp. 241-243.

44 Ibid., p. 230.

45 Ibid., p. 244; this is corroborated by what Abraham
Bolden told me, and it also is best exemplified by the
drinking incident of 11/21-11/22/63.

46 Ibid., pp. 240-241.

47 Ibid., p. 240.

48 Wire service story picked up by many newspapers/
media outlets, an example of which was The Chattanooga
Times in an article written by Sandra Sobieraj on
12/18/97.

49 WPXI-TV/ NBC affiliate, Pittsburgh, PA, broke the
story that is currently major national news.
Interestingly, the major paper of record in this city,
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, did a major feature story
on myself dated 1/26/98, the very same day that the
announcement was made that the Secret Service (in
general) may have to testify about the Clinton sex
scandal, on the front page, a few short weeks before
the Lewis Fox story broke.

50 Letter to the author dated 11/21/97; see 18 H
810-815 and 933-934.

51 see The Third Alternative, p. 41 and  131.

52 see The Fourth Decade, July 1997 issue- article by
Don Scott; see also R. Winks, Cloak and Gown , p. 275.

53 J. Mader, Who's Who in the CIA ; R. Winks, Cloak and
Gown , p. 363; B. Hersh, The Old Boys , p. 182.

54 Letter to author dated 12/5/97.

55 3HSCA357.

56 CD80, pp.2-3; 5H67; 7H354, 403; 13H65; see also The
Day Kennedy Was Shot by Jim Bishop (1992 edition), pp.
511-512, 546, 637; Lifton, p. 359; the fragment found
by Kinney, believed to be the back of JFK's skull,
disappeared from the record- see The Third Alternative,
pp. 95-96.

57 Manchester, p. 390 (1988 edition); see also The
Third Alternative, pp. 124-125.

58 Jerry Rose, "The Feds Spring Into Action", The
Fourth  Decade, May 1996 ; as Rose states, " Why
[was]Deputy Chief Paterni [willing to] indulge
[Sorrels] in this curiosity?"

59 3HSCA340.

60 R.I.F. #180-10074-10079 re: "Lem" Johns: worked
under Paterni from 1957-1959.

61 R.I.F.#180-10104-10331; R.I.F. #180-10087-10137;
3HSCA 371, 372-379.

62 Mader.

63 180-10074-10394.

64 Rowley Oral History, Truman Library, p. 31.

65 Bowen and Neal, The United States Secret Service ,
p. 209; Torina doesn't appear to have been as
close-mouthed as Krill-- he admitted to author
Manchester, two years before the assassination, that
"wherever a Presidential motorcade must slow down for a
turn, the entire intersection is checked in advance"
(Manchester, p. 32n [1988 edition]).

66 4H318 (at Fort Hollabird, MD, the same as Richard
Case Nagell); see also Peter Dale Scott, Deep Politics
and the Death of JFK , pp. 277-278.

67 Lt. Col. George J. McNally, A Million Miles .

68 HSCA interview w/ Lawson, 1/31/78.

69 R.I.F.#154-10002-10422.

70 The Third Alternative, pp. 29-30.

71 R.I.F.#154-10003-10012.

72 R.I.F.#154-10002-10417.

73 154-10002-10418; see also Salinger's 1997 book John
F. Kennedy: Commander in Chief, p. 30: he mentions only
missing "two or three" trips in his three years with
JFK...one of them was the Dallas trip.

74 R.I.F.#154-10002-10419; an AP story from 11/15/63
even stated that "The (Secret) Service can overrule
even the President where his personal security is
involved."

75 Letter to the author dated 11/24/97.

76 R.I.F.#154-10002-10420; R.I.F.#154-10002-10421;
R.I.F.#154-10002-10423;R.I.F.#154-10002-10422.

77 R.I.F.#154-10002-10424.

78 see the author's article, entitled "The Strange
Actions (and Inaction) of Agent Emory Roberts,"Oct.
1996 JFK/ Deep Politics Quarterly.

79 see note 78.

80 p. 453: the author is grateful to Timothy Fattig for
this citation; see also The Third Alternative, p. 67.

81 Author's interview with Underwood 10/9/92.

82 see The Third Alternative